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John Cartwright (17 September 1740 – 23 September 1824) was an English naval officer, Nottinghamshire militia major and prominent campaigner for parliamentary reform. He subsequently became known as the Father of Reform. His younger brother Edmund Cartwright became famous as the inventor of the steam power loom. ==Early life and naval career== He was born at Marnham in Nottinghamshire, being the elder brother of Edmund Cartwright, inventor of the power loom and the younger brother of George Cartwright, trader and explorer of Labrador. He was educated at Newark-on-Trent grammar school and Heath Academy in Yorkshire, and at the age of eighteen entered the Royal Navy.〔 He was present, in his first year of service, at the capture of Cherbourg, and served in the following year in the Battle of Quiberon Bay between Sir Edward Hawke and Admiral Hubert de Brienne. Engaged afterwards under Sir Hugh Palliser and Admiral John Byron on the Newfoundland station, he was appointed to act as chief magistrate of the settlement. He served in the post for five years (1765–1770).〔 From 1763 to 14 May 1766, Cartwright was commander of HM Cutter ''Sherborne''.〔Tobias Smollett. January 1793. ''The Critical Review, or Annnals of Literature''. (London: W. Simpkin and R. Marshal), pp. 32-33.〕 His brother George, when at loose ends, went with him on a cruise out of Plymouth to chase smugglers in ''Sherborne''. Ill-health necessitated Cartwright's retirement from active service for a time in 1771. When the disputes with the American colonies began, he believed that the colonists had right on their side, warmly supported their cause and, at the outbreak of the ensuing American War of Independence, refused an appointment as first lieutenant to the Duke of Cumberland. Thus he gave up a path to certain promotion, since he did not wish to fight against the cause which he felt to be just. In 1774 he published his first plea on behalf of the colonists, entitled "American Independence the Glory and Interest of Great Britain."〔 He married in 1780. He adopted his niece Frances Dorothy Cartwright, daughter of his brother Edmund. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「John Cartwright (political reformer)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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